AA: I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster -- the story of one of life's little truths.
RS: It's a law we all live under, and it goes this way: "If anything can go wrong, it will." It's known as Murphy's Law.
A: Murphy was Edward Murphy. He was a no-nonsense military officer, a
captain. But he was also an engineer, based at an aircraft laboratory
in Ohio. This was in the early days of the space program and
high-performance flight.
RS: We learned all this from Bill Sloat, a reporter at the Plain Dealer
newspaper in Ohio. We saw a story he recently did on the history of
Murphy's Law.
RS: So we called Bill up and had just started asking him questions, when, wouldn't you know it ...
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SLOAT: "Can I start over for a minute? I've got to sneeze." AA: "Go ahead, sneeze."
SLOAT: "I don't know why I had to sneeze."
RS: "Feel free."
AA: "If anything can go wrong, it will. [laughter]"
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SLOAT: "Yeah, that's Murphy's Law."
RS: "And we'll pick up the story in the late 1940s."
SLOAT: "OK. So he's working at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in a
laboratory. And so he was working on those machines that would spin
people round and round and round, to test G-forces. Meanwhile, out at
Edwards Air Force Base in California, there were engineers and they
were building these rockets sleds and they would strap guys and dummies
into them and then fire them down like a railroad track. I think
sometimes they went faster than the speed of sound."
RS: "And what was the purpose of that?"
SLOAT: "They wanted to see how fast human beings could go before they
turned into mush. But they also needed a way to measure how much
gravity they were receiving. So Murphy built some gauges. And they
attached them to this rocket sled and fired the sled, and then when
they checked them, they registered zero. The sled worked and the guy
who was riding it survived. But nobody knew how many G-forces he
pulled, because the gauges malfunctioned."
RS: "So then what happened?"
SLOAT: "Murphy chewed out the guys who installed the gauges and said
'if those guys can do something wrong, they will.' And then a guy named
George Nichols overheard this. Now this is in 1949, thereabouts. The
aerospace engineers had their own lingo and they were always coining
laws and things. So they came up with 'Murphy's Law.' And the guy said
'Oh we got us a new law,' Nichols said that.
A few weeks later, John Paul Stapp, the rocket sled pilot, was doing a
press conference out at Edwards Air Force Base, and one of the
reporters asked him -- this is the story. Well, the reporter says, 'Are
you worried about this?' And Stapp says, 'No, we're careful not to
violate Murphy's Law.' Well, nobody knew what Murphy's Law was, except
the aerospace engineers. And it became sort of along the lines of 'if
it can happen, it will happen.' That's how it -- the metaphor morphed
into that out at Edwards."
RS: "So, was the gauge ever fixed? [laughter]"
SLOAT: "Murphy went back to Ohio, and the engineers out there got the gauges installed and they did work, yes."
RS: "So it was the technician’s fault?"
SLOAT: "Well, no, it was Murphy's fault -- or some of the technicians,
or some of the technical people that were there thought it was Murphy's
fault, because he should have checked the gauges to make sure they
worked."
RS: "And if he had stayed, we might not have had this law."
SLOAT: "That's exactly right."
AA: "And this law has found its way around the world. You were telling me that you talked to someone in Russia about this?"
SLOAT: "Right, I sent an e-mail to a friend of mine, an electrical
engineer and said 'do you know about Murphy's law?' And he sent me an
e-mail back a couple of days later and said 'yes, we know that as the
Law of Toast,' meaning that toast, the buttered side always falls down,
or hits the ground. [laughter]"
RS: "So what do you think is the legacy of Ed Murphy?"
SLOAT: "That's a great question. You know, when I was working on this
story, I started looking up Murphy's Law. And there's, if you get on
the Internet or you go to the library, and I did both, and there's like
all kinds of, you know, Murphy’s laws. There's a guy in California
named Arthur Block who even compiles them and collects them, and he had
some great examples. Here's my favorite, Hyman's Highway Hypothesis:
The shortest distance between two points is usually under construction.
[laughter]"
RS: "Should we leave it at that?"
SLOAT: "Yeah, I don't think you could top it."
AA: Bill Sloat is a newspaper reporter at the Plain Dealer in Ohio. Ed
Murphy died in 1990 but he was honored this month with an Ig Nobel
Prize. These are given at Harvard University for achievements that
first make people laugh, then make them think.
RS: Now, if you can think of any of your own versions of Murphy's Law,
send them to word@voanews.com. We’ll read our favorites on the air.
AA: You can find all of our programs on our Web site, voanews.com/wordmaster. With Rosanne Skirble, I’m Avi Arditti.
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